How to Make a Bootable USB Driver

Computer operating systems are generally released to the public in the form of a CD or DVD-ROM, which is used by consumers to install on their computers.There may come a time, however, when you need to install your computer's operating system and you don't have access to your computer's optical drive. Fortunately, you can create a bootable USB flash drive that you can use to install or reinstall your computer's
Instructions

things you'll need:
Operating system installation CD
1
Plug your USB flash drive into an available USB port on your computer. Ensure that you have no vital data on the drive; it will be deleted during the creation of your bootable drive.

2
Click on the "Start" icon, which is located on the lower left-hand portion of your computer screen. Type "CMD" in the "Search file to open your Windows PC computer's command prompt. Input the phrase "Diskpart" and press "Enter." Input the phrase "List Disk" on the next command line and press "Enter." This displays all the disk drives connected to your computer. For our purposes our drive is numbered "Disk 2." Locate your flash drive, type "Disk 2" and press "Enter."

3
Type in "Clean" followed by the "Enter" key to delete all previously written data from your flash drive. Type "Create Partition Primary" followed by "Select Partition 1" to set up the section of your flash drive that will house your Windows operating system.

4
Type "Active" and press "Enter." Input "Format FS=NTFS." Wait a moment as your flash drive is formatted in the NTFS format, which is readable by Windows computers. Type "Assign" and "Exit" to complete the formatting process.

5
Put your Windows Installation CD into your computer's optical drive. Note the drive letters of both your optical and flash drives. For our purposes, the optical drive letter will be "D" and the flash drive letter will be "E" (your main hard drive is usually "C," while floppy drives are usually "A" and "B").

6
Type "D: CD Boot" and press "Enter." Input the phrase "CD Boot" on the following command line and hit "Enter." Type "Boootsect.exe/NT60 E" to transfer all of the Windows Installation files onto your flash drive. This will give you a bootable USB drive that you can use to install Windows.

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http://www.ehow.com/how_7195612_make-bootable-usb-driver.html

How To Set Up A Second Hard Drive In Windows: Partitioning

A few days ago, I showed you how tophysically install a second hard drive into your system, and today we will be looking at the software side of that.

Even if you didn’t crack open the case and add in another drive, you might still want to read on if you’d like to learn about the drive management system in Windows, and what partitions are.

Background – Partitions, and Filesystems

I’ll be throwing around some fairly technical terms today so it’s important you have an overview of what all these terms mean.

To begin with, a partition is a block of space on a hard drive. In Windows terms, you might think of a partition as a single drive letter (like C: or D:). Windows also likes to refer to a partition as a “volume“, but they are the same thing for our purposes. A single hard drive may consist of one, or many partitions – each of which will be assigned their own drive letter in Windows. For most people, a single partition is enough – however most home computers actually have another partition, hidden from Windows, on which recovery programs are placed. If your computer has a message like “Press F2 to enter recovery mode” when you turn it on, chances are you have a secret partition. Some people like to partition their drive so that Windows runs from a small section of the disk, with the data stored on an entirely separate partition – this means that re-installing Windows won’t overwrite your data. In other cases, a hard drive is partitioned in order to allow multiple operating systems to be installed at the same time – on booting the computer, you can then choose which partition you will boot from.

A Filesystem is the particular method by which data is stored on that partition. Which filesystem to choose has been known to cause violent arguments among many geeks, but suffice to say Windows XP used FAT32, Windows 7 uses NTFS, and Linux and Macs use something different entirely. Each filesystem has limitations and advantages, but for our purposes it is useful to know just that:

(a) If you’re planning on dealing with large files (like 4+ GB movies, etc.) you should use NTFS.

(b) If you want to swap drives between systems, you should use FAT32 as Mac OS X cannot write to NTFS without additional software, but you won’t be able to deal with large files.

If you’ve installed a second drive into your Windows machine, I suggest you use NTFS. To make matters more difficult though, a lot of drives come pre-formatted as FAT32 – grrr, what a headache!

Partitioning and Formatting Your Drive in Windows

Launch the disk management app by clicking Start, and typing in diskmgmt.msc – click the application that pops up in the search results. You should see a screen similar to this:

The top half of the display shows what partitions currently exist. The bottom half displays the physical devices – the drives – in your computer. In this case, I have a single 64 GB NTFS partition, which is my C: drive where Windows is currently installed. Beneath it, we have my new 50 GB drive, shown in black because it is currently all free space. Your setup may different though – Windows 7 often creates a 100 MB hidden partiton called “System Reserved” for recovery options, for instance. Note, if you drive came preformatted as a FAT32 partition, Windows may have already assigned a drive letter to it. Make sure you identify exactly which is the new disk.

You can perform various operations on the partition, or the empty space, by right-clicking on it.

If you have an existing FAT32 partition you want to get rid of (be very sure this is the new second drive and not something else), then simply right-click on the existing volume and choose either Format or Delete Volume. Choose Format if you’d simply like to make it into a fresh NTFS partition instead of FAT32. Choose Delete Volume if you’d like to make more than one partition on the drive – for example, one for music and one for movies. You can also choose Change Drive Letter and Paths if you’d just like to change the letter that Windows has automatically assigned it.

Now, having deleted your existing partition or if there wasn’t one to start with, we can go about creating a new one. Right-click on the black empty space to create a new partition by choosing New Simple Volume.

You’ll be greeted by a standard wizard opening screen, and after clicking Next, you can choose how large you partition will be. 1 GB is roughly 1000 MB. The default setting will already be the maximum size, but in this case I’m going to split the drive into two 25 GB partitions (25000 MB) to store different kinds of data.

On the next screen, you can assign it a drive letter. Choose NTFS as the format and give it a suitable name so you can identify the drive. You can then repeat the process by clicking on the remaining Unallocated free space. If it’s the last partition you are making, just leave the size option at the default to use all remaining space. Now you should have some more drives, so check Computer from the Start Menu to see:

I hope you’ve learnt a little about disks and partitions today. They might seem scary and somewhat high level at first, but in reality they’re quite simple. So long as you are careful about what you’re deleting, managing your own disks and partitions is a lot more rewarding than simply taking the options that the manufacturers give to you.

There are also some alternatives to the built in Drive Management application that you might want to consider – like the Free Partition Manager, or Paragon suite of tools.

Writing a Simple USB Driver

Since this column began, it has discussed how a Linux driver writer can create various types of kernel drivers, by explaining the different kernel driver interfaces including TTY, serial, I2C and the driver core. It is time to move on now and focus on writing real drivers for real hardware. We start by explaining how to determine what kind of kernel driver interface to use, tricks to help figure out how the hardware actually works and a lot of other real-world knowledge.

Let's begin with a goal of making a simple USB lamp device work well with Linux. Editor Don Marti pointed out a neat device, the USB Visual Signal Indicator, manufactured by Delcom Engineering and shown in Figure 1. I have no relationship with this company; I just think they make nice products. This device can be ordered on-line from the Delcom Web site, www.delcom-eng.com. Don challenged me to get the device working on Linux, and this article explains how I did it.

Figure 1. Delcom's USB Visual Signal Indicator is a simple first USB programming project.

The Hardware Protocol

The first goal in trying to write a driver for a device is to determine how to control the device. Delcom Engineering is nice enough to ship the entire USB protocol specification their devices use with the product, and it also is available on-line for free. This documentation shows what commands the USB controller chip accepts and how to use them. They also provide a Microsoft Windows DLL to help users of other operating systems write code to control the device.

The documentation for this device is only the documentation for the USB controller in the lamp. It does not explicitly say how to turn on the different color LEDs. For this, we have to do a bit of research.

No Docs? Reverse Engineer It!

If the USB protocol for this device had not been documented or available to me, I would have had to reverse engineer this information from the device itself. A handy tool for this kind of work is a free program called USB Snoopy,www.wingmanteam.com/usbsnoopy; another version of it is SnoopyPro,usbsnoop.sourceforge.net. These programs are both Windows programs that allow users to capture the USB data that is sent to and received from any USB device on a Windows system. All a developer needs to do is find a Windows machine, install the Windows driver provided by the manufacturer for the device and run the snoop program. The data is captured to a file to be analyzed later. Perl scripts can help filter some of the extra noise in the output of these snoop programs into an easier format to understand.

Another method a few people have used to reverse engineer the USB protocol of a device is to run a Windows instance using VMware on top of Linux. VMware enables the Windows instance to talk to all of the USB devices plugged in to the Linux machine by sending data to Linux though the usbfs. A simple modification to the usbfs causes all data flowing though it to be logged to the kernel log. Using this, the full USB traffic stream can be captured and later analyzed.

After opening up the lamp device, making sure not to lose the spring that easily pops out when unscrewing the device, the circuit board can be inspected (Figure 2). Using an ohmmeter, or any kind of device for detecting a closed circuit, it was determined that the three different LEDs are connected to the first three pins of port 1 on the main controller chip.

In reading the documentation, the USB command to control the levels of the port 1 pins is Major 10, Minor 2, Length 0. The command writes the least significant byte of the USB command packet to port 1, and port 1 is defaulted high after reset. So, that is the USB command we need to send to the device to change the different LEDs.

Figure 2. The three LEDs are connected to the first three pins of the controller chip.

Which LED Is Which?

Now that we know the command to enable a port pin, we need to determine which LED color is connected to which pin. This is easy to do with a simple program that runs through all possible combinations of different values for the three port pins and then sends the value to the device. This program enabled me to create a table of values and LED colors (Table 1).

Table 1. Port Values and the Resulting LED Patterns

Port value in hex	Port value in binary	LEDs on
0x00	000	Red, Green, Blue
0x01	001	Red, Blue
0x02	010	Green, Blue
0x03	011	Blue
0x04	100	Red, Green
0x05	101	Red
0x06	110	Green
0x07	111	No LEDs on

So, if all pins on the port are enabled (a value of 0x07 hex), no LEDs are on. This matches up with the note in the data sheet that stated, “Port 1 is defaulted high after reset.” It would make sense not to have any LEDs enabled when the device is first plugged in. This means we need to turn port pins low (off) in order to turn on the LED for that pin. Using the table, we can determine that the blue LED is controlled by pin 2, the red LED by pin 1 and the green LED by pin 0.

SOURCE:http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/7353

Android 2.2 Froyo Droid X-PC Driver Problem: A Quick Fix

This morning I installed Froyo on my Droid X, and all went according to plan, except for problems with connecting it to my PC --- the old driver didn't work, and I couldn't find a new one. I've fixed the problem. Here's how to do it if you run into the same problem.

The Froyo update itself was a breeze. But when I connected my Droid X to my PC via the USB cable in PC Mode, my PC wouldn't recognize the Droid X. The old driver apparently didn't work. My PC asked for a new driver, but none was to be found.

Connecting in Mass USB Storage Mode was no problem, because in that mode, the Droid X appears to be little more than a USB flash drive to a PC. So you can't sync files back and forth between the Droid X and the PC using Windows Media Player. If you want to sync files that way, you'll need to use PC Mode or Windows Media Sync mode. Without the driver, though, those modes don't work and you can't connect to your PC.

The problem was solved for me by an anonymous commenter to my blog post in which I explained the problem. When I connect my Droid X to my PC, I put it in USB debugging mode, because I need to take screenshots of the Droid X for a book I'm writing, Droid X: The Missing Manual. With the Droid X in USB debugging mode, the drivers won't install.

The solution? Turn off debugging mode and connect the Droid X. The driver will be installed. Then afterwards, debugging mode can be turned back on.

He was exactly right. If you run into this problem, to turn off USB debugging mode, press the Menu key when you're at the Home screen or a pane, then select Applications -->Development. You can see the screen, below. Tap the green check next to USB debugging to turn it off.

After you do that, connect the Droid X, the drivers will install, and all will be right with the world. You can then turn USB debugging back on if you need to.

For more enterprise computing news, visit Computerworld. Story copyright © 2011 Computerworld Inc. All rights reserved.

Universal Windows USB Drivers (ADB, BootLoader, Disk Drive, HTC Sync)

Monitoring the traffic on the unrEVOked IRC channel, it's clear that there is a ton of confusion about the USB drivers needed, despite the excellent article on the unrEVOked site. I thought I'd maybe add to that or create an alternative article.

There are three different modes in which the Incredible (or the EVO!) can connect to a Windows system:

1. Disk Drive
2. ADB (USB Debugging and ClockworkMod Recovery)
3. BootLoader (while phone is in the HBOOT mode)

The drivers that come with the Android SDK can't do any of it because none of the interfaces for the Incredible are present in the .INF file. The drivers that come with HTC Sync can do #1 and #2, but cannot be used for rooting with unrEVOked because they don't support #3. The following link points to drivers which are universal; they will work for all three purposes on the Incredible (and the EVO as well).

unrEVOked modified USB Driver

You do not have to remove HTC Sync if you have it installed. These drivers will replace the ones that came from HTC Sync and be usable for that as well as rooting. The trick is getting these drivers to replace the ones you have from the Android SDK or HTC Sync or ??? (or simply installing them if you have no drivers yet). The idea is to plug your phone into USB while it's in HBOOT mode, forcing Windows to look for Bootloader drivers. Only the ones here provide that.

Anyway, here's how:

1. Uninstall HTC Sync, DoubleTwist, and DropBox from the PC. Sorry about this. Once these drivers are installed you may reinstall those and they will continue to work. These drivers are universal.
2. Unzip the file, leaving the folder Android USB Driver somewhere like on your desktop
3. Unplug your phone from USB
4. Power down your phone
5. Now simultaneously press the volume DOWN button and the power button, holding till the HBOOT screen appears
6. Now connect the USB cable between the phone and your PC
7. The word HBOOT (blue box with white letters) will change to HBOOT USB PLUG
8. On the EVO, wait till HBOOT cycles through an SD check (10 sec) then select select HBOOT USB at the bottom of the menu (using the vol keys to navigate and power button to select). Thanks to hperry for this.
9. Now look at your Windows Device Manager and see if you already have Android Phone listed for HBOOT as shown in one of the last two images (way) below. To see the Device Manager, right click My Computer, select Manage..., select the Device Manager. If you see the Android Phone, you're ready to root and can skip the rest of this. Otherwise, you do not have HBOOT-capable drivers, and you need to install them. Windows should be looking for drivers now. At this point things may differ between XP and Vista/7.

In XP, the New Hardware Found Wizard should appear. Tell it NOT to use Windows Update, and moving along, tell it to look in a specified location. It will pop up a file open dialog. Navigate to the Android USB Driverfolder, click OK then click Next.

For Windows Vista/7 you might not see the New Hardware Found Wizard. Open the Device Manager (Right click My Computer, select Manage..., select the Device Manager). You will see an Android Phone node in the tree with a "caution" icon node beneath it. Right click on the caution-marked node and select Update Driver. Follow through specifying NOT to look in Windows Updatte and Install from a specified location. It will pop up a file open dialog. Navigate to the Android USB Driver folder, click OK, then click Next.

In either case, eventually the driver should install. At this point you have the universal drivers installed for the Incredible. They can also be used with the HTC EVO. Here's what you should see in the Windows Device Manager for each condition:

Phone Running Normally, USB Debugging Enabled, plugged in via USB:

Windows 7


Windows XP

Phone running HBOOT, plugged in via USB:

Phone showing HBOOT


Windows 7


Windows XP

How to Install USB Driver for Android Devices

Android is an operating system for mobile devices such as cellular phones, tablet computers and netbooks.You can use any Android-powered device as an environment for running, installing the Android USB driver is the #1 priority if you ever want to access your phone through a computer, be it to transfer files or executing commands. This could lead to a lot of confusion and headaches if you fail to do this process. From this article we can learn about how to install USB driver for Android devices (eg. Android powered smart phone), follow the step by step guide given below:


Firstly download the file Android USB driver for Windows and unzip to your computer. Go enable debugging on your phone. (Settings->Applications->Development->USB debugging).
Unplug all removable devices(thumb drive, sdcards, etc) beside the Android phone.
Locate "Device Manager", usually under "control panel"
Select "Universal Serial Bus Controllers"
Select USB Mass Storage Device.
Note: to check if you have the correct device, click on the details tab and select "compatible ids" under properties. There should be three items listed under value.
Select uninstall driver
Close the window. Now in device manager a new "Android Phone USB device" with a yellow! will appear. If not, Unplug your android device or select Action -> Scan.
Note: view optional steps below if you still have problem with the your windows automatically installing drivers.
Click on the "Android Phone USB device"
Select "browse my computer to driver software"
Under "search this location for driver", Browse for the location that you have unzip the android_usb_windows and select the corresponding folder for your system(AMD64 for 64bit systems or x86 for 32bit systems. Right click -> properties on "My Computer" to check which system you have)
That's it! The Android USB driver should be installed now.


http://www.downloadatoz.com/driver/articles/how-to-install-usb-driver-for-android-devices.html

SCSI to USB Adapter Converter

Many scsi to usb adapter and old connections as it was the rage of the time of data transmission. Many devices are on a single bus, with advantages such as the transmission speed faster and more reliable. Although he has worked with most computer systems, there were some problems with BIOS support was. There was also a common software interface for SCSI. As technology has evolved, USB has its debut. True to its name, has a universal connection between computers and peripherals.

Unfortunately, the owners of devices and scsi to usb adapter in a pickle about how to external devices to the new computer age, that the USB ports has studied contact. External devices were typically scanner SCSI ports, CD, DVD, hard disks, removable magnetic media devices, MO, and tape drives. These preferred connection of SCSI devices, such as transmission of data at high speed and large amounts of data have been the pillars.

Options for connecting USB-SCSI are very limited. Some cable manufacturers have produced a different adapter cable to convert on both ends with scsi to usb adapter connections. If you connect the USB plug into the USB port and SCSI external SCSI device, his company is working as usual. You can also string a series of devices to the computer through a chain effect. No further configuration is necessary because it is based on a simple plug and play. Unfortunately, these cables make a big expensive purchase. Some do not even work the internal SCSI hard drive, SCSI connectors.

To resolve this problem, some manufacturers have developed a kit to convert scsi to usb adapter. If you need copy the old data, but worthy of your SCSI hard drive inside your computer is probably the best solution. To install a SCSI interface kit for USB connection you need a basic understanding of the connection of devices to the internal team. You also have the appropriate drivers on your system. If you do not have this knowledge, it is best to seek the help of the dancer.

http://usbversion.com/usb-problems/scsi-to-usb-adapter-converter.html

Fast and easy way to enjoy DVD and video on iPad 2

Hi, everyone, again, I come back, welcome to read this article, I suppose friends who visited this site may highly be impressed by my previous article How to enjoy DVD on Apple iPad posted one year ago (28/1/2010). And today, I want to expand this topic to a bit further as the second generation of iPad is going to be released.

It is said that the second generation of iPad, iPad 2 will be released on 2, March, 2011 (American Time), and of course, there may be a huge amount of speculations about. As far as I see, there are 5 hotly discussed new features which can be summarized as follows:

1. Better mobility. iPad 2 will be lighter and thinner, someone even say the screen size is set at 7 inches, probably Apple will have squeezed the air out of the currently buddy design to make those reduced millimeters a new selling points.

2. Face Time. It is an advanced video conferencing technology that works on iPhone 4, it provides a better interface for extended video conferencing for businesses and people who travel away from family for long periods of time.

3. New display technology. The iPhone 4 and iPod Touch 4 support an amazingly high resolution screen, with four times as many pixels as a standard screen, it just look like a continuouns-tone photograph to the human eye. The rumors say iPad 2 will get the technology as well.

4. 3-axis groscope. It makes sense as it is a feature now included in iPhone 4 which is probably designed to add new gaming possibilities.

5. USB port. A mini USE port for connectivity to other devices.



We will never know how many and what new features will be added to iPad 2, but there is one point that can be probably clear, that's, you still can't play your DVD movies directly on it with no corresponding programs installed.

Don't worry, this article is meant to help you out, with our powerful and versatile Movie to iPad 2 Converter, you can easily turn your DVD movies to iPad friendly file format to be smoothly played on iPad 2 and iPad alike. Besides, it can also convert common video files to iPad acceptable files so that you can free enjoy your favourite videos.

Furthermore, just like other 2-in-1 applications that can deal with common video and DVD movies perfectly, this program also empowers you to make your own video and DVD movies with its built-in rich editing features like clip, crop, effect, settings etc. Just feel free to afford a minute or two to explore more.

Guidance to convert video and DVD to iPad compatible files
Step 1: Download, install and run Movie Converter for Mac
Just feel free to download and install Movie Converter for Mac to pop up a main interface as follows:


Step 2: Select the right application for your programAs shown in the above interface, the program includes DVD Ripper and Video Converter. Choose one of them required.
Note: You can only run one program at one time.

For DVD Ripper
Mac DVD ripper support both home DVD and commercial DVD. Click DVD Ripper on the main interface, you can do the corresponding DVD importing, converting and editing which can be seen in the following picture:


For Video Converter
Click Mac Video Converter on the main interface to pop up an interface where you can import your videos for converting and editing, You can see the whole process from the following picture:


After that, you can import your converted files to iPad 2 for free enjoyment. Have fan!!!

http://www.pubarticles.com/article-fast-and-easy-way-to-enjoy-dvd-and-video-on-ipad-2-1299150703.html

USB Fingerprint Reader Technology

USB fingerprint reader is the general tendency of human nature has always been the wish of the physical, mental and social. Access control systems on the security of usb fingerprint reader and presence based used for all types of offices and activities in the service sector in the current context. Based on digital access control system is more secure than traditional magnetic card or ID card by the unique fingerprint for each entity.

Security Systems fingerprints have fascinated people for centuries. Were used a method of personal identification since ancient times. The two most important aspects of biometric fingerprint solutions of the system are the identification and authentication of usb fingerprint reader. The process of identifying a person or in a negative sense does not tell you. Security fingerprint is examined, with two different sets of criteria. One way sees the security system with fingerprints of his “property of the class.”

Finger Print Security Systems can be many problems such as physical access control, biometrics, medical care, locks and biometric fingerprint sensors, biometric sensors, RFID tags, eliminating RFID readers to, barriers, smart card, RFID, video surveillance, metal detectors, spotlights, fire detection, traffic control fingerprint access control, fingerprint scanners, optical sensors, optical insurance card access control, fingerprint technology, usb fingerprint reader, etc. Authentication system using fingerprint recognition is a simple process. This is to affirm or reject the claimed identity of a model of direct correlation exists.

Most of these identification and authentication is done using a smart card. The strong growth, fingerprint ID based security system is wildly used in the public service. These cards are used for applications such as multipurpose digital parking meters, telephone, vending machines, fingerprint cards for the security of the ATM system for the identification, verification of personal identification numbers, etc. Another type of system is the fingerprint reader. The procedure involves a high frequency sound, to identify an usb fingerprint reader. One advantage of ultrasonic sensors is not due to external obstacles, such as dirt on the affected finger.